Mangroves Draft #1

This topic submitted by Ryan Banks ( TithoniaSundance@aol.com) at 10:50 AM on 5/15/02.

The extreme tidal flow (~1 meter/sec) at Pigeon Creek, San Salvador, was measured with a current meter in "Blow-Outs" in the main channel.

Tropical Field Courses -Western Program-Miami University


Mangroves: ÊThey're actual REALLY cool!!!

I. ÊPast and Future of Mangroves
Ê Ê Ê A. ÊDiscovery
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 1. ÊWonder and Curiousity
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 2. ÊIndigenous knowledge
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 3. ÊAnalysis and Discoveries
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê a. ÊDifferent types of Mangroves
Ê Ê Ê B. ÊPresent State of Mangroves
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 1. ÊBenefits
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê a. ÊEcosystems
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê(1). ÊPlants (epiphitic alga)
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê(2). ÊAnimals
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê (a). ÊMarine
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê (b). ÊTerrestrial
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê b. ÊErosion issues
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 2. ÊPhysiological Processes
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê a. ÊSalt/Water Relations
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê (1). ÊCase study - Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê (2). ÊCase study - Avicennia marina
Ê Ê Ê C. ÊHuman Influence
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 1. ÊGreenhouse Effect
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 2. ÊDeforestation
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê a. ÊWood products
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê b. ÊHuman settlement
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê c. ÊBoats
II. ÊMangrove Life Cylcle
Ê Ê Ê A. ÊReproduction
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 1. ÊPollination
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 2. ÊFertilization
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê a. ÊPropagule formation
Ê Ê Ê B. ÊPropagule Establishment
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 1. ÊNecessary conditions
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 2. ÊViability
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê a. ÊSeed dispersal
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê (1). ÊBiotic
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê (2). ÊAbiotic
Ê Ê Ê C. ÊDistributional Patterns
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 1. ÊCase study - Distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary
III. ÊMangrove Structure and Function
Ê Ê Ê A. ÊTissues
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 1. ÊStems
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Êa. ÊTrunk
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Êb. ÊBranches
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Êc. ÊLeaves
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Êd. ÊFlowers
Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê Ê 2. ÊRoots
Ê Ê ÊB. ÊSeeds/Propagules
Ê Ê ÊC. ÊSpecialized tissues
IV. Ê Conclusion


References

Hanagata, Nabutaka; Takemura, Taro; Karube, Isao; Dubinsky, Zvy. Ê"Salt/Water Relationships in Mangroves." ÊIsrael Journal of Plant Sciences. Ê47 (2) 2 1999, 63-76. ÊAbstract..

Duke, N.C.; A.E. Schwarsbach. Ê"Life on the edge: ÊPast and Future of Mangroves." ÊWetlands Ecology and Management 9: 159, 2001.

Hanagata, Nabutaka; Takemura, Taro; Karube, Isao; Dubinsky, Zvy. Ê"Physiological and Biochemical responses to salt stress in the mangrove, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza." Aquatic Botany 68 (2000) 15-28..

Delgado, P.; Hensel, P.F.; Jimenez, J.A.; Day, J.W. Ê"The importance of propagule establishment and physical factors in mangrove distributional patterns in a Costa Rican estuary." Aquatic Botany 71 (2001) 157-178..

Tuffers, A.; Naidoo, G.; Willert, D.J. Ê"Low salinities adversely affect photosynthetic performance of the mangrove, Avicennia marina." ÊWetlands Ecology and Management 9:225-232, 2001.

Karsten, Ulf; Sawall, Thomas; West, John; Wienke, Christian. Ê"Ultraviolet sunscreen compounds in epiphitic red algae from mangroves." ÊHydrobiologia 432: 159-171, 2000.

Anonymous. Ê"Halophytes and Xerohalophytes." Ê.

Anonymous. Ê"Mangroves ---- more than mud and mozzies!" Ê.


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