Conservation of Coral Reefs-Outline

This topic submitted by Katie Kettler ( kettleke@muohio.edu) at 9:23 PM on 3/27/03.

Andrea and Joe return to the boat from Gaulin Reef in San Salvador, Bahamas. See other beautiful phenomena from the Bahamas.

Tropical Field Courses -Interdisciplinary Studies-Miami University



Conservation of Coral Reefs
I. Coral reef introduction
A. What are they?
1. Diverse marine ecosystems
2. Provide protection, medicine, and tourism
3. Constructed from coal secretion of calcium carbonate
4. Symbiosis with algae for food production
B. What affects them?
1. Sunlight
2. Water quality and clarity
3. Sedimentation
C. Types of Coral
1. Hard corals
a. Boulder
b. Elkhorn
c. Pillar
2. Soft corals
a. Sea fan
b. Sponges
D. Where are coral reefs located?

II. Conservation
A. Threats to Coral reefs
1. Human impact
a. Population stress
b. Increased sediment load
c. Shipping
d. Development along shorelines
e. Overfishing
f. Habitat destruction
g. Pollution
h. Careless Tourism
i. Ocean warming and bleaching
B. Why should we protect coral reefs?
1. Home for fish
2. Biodiversity Hot Spots
3. Undiscovered pharmaceuticals
4. Tourism
5. Buffers

References:
United States Coral Reef Task Force. http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/ 2003.
Bohnsack, J. A. (1996). ÒThe impacts of fishing on coral reefs.Ó Biological Conservation 76(2): 211.
Edinger, E. N. R., Michael J. (2000). ÒReef classification by coral morphology predicts coral reef conservation value.Ó Biological Conservation 92(1): 1-13.
Grenfell, A. M., Spalding, M.D. (1997). ÒNew estimates of global and regional coral reef areas.Ó Coral Reef 16(4): 225-230.
Hernandez, G. (2003). Coral Reef, NOAA. http://coralreef.gov/ 2003.
Hodgson, G. (1999). ÒA Global Assessment of Human Effects on Coral Reefs.Ó Marine Pollution Bulletin 38(5): 345-355.
Hoffmann, T. C. (2002). ÒCoral reef health and effects of socio-economic factors in Fiji and Cook Islands.Ó Marine Pollution Bulletin 44(11): 1281-1293.
McClanahan, T. R., Obura, D. (1997). ÒSedimentation effects on shallow coral communities in Kenya.Ó Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 209(1-2): 103-122.
McClanahan, T. R. (2000). ÒBleaching Damage and Recovery Potential of Maldivian Coral Reefs.Ó Marine Pollution Bulletin 40(7): 587-597.


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