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A Brief Review
and Assessment of Mangrove Zonation Hypotheses
I.
Mangrove basics
a.
Definitions- assemblage of tropical trees and shrubs that grow
in the intertidal zone. Mangrove: non-taxonomical term„broad term used to
describe diverse group of plants adapted to a wet-saline environment.
i. Tomlinson
(1986) ñtrue/strictî definition
1.
Complete fidelity to mangrove environment
2.
Major role in structure of the community and has the ability
to form pure stands
3.
Morphological specializations
4.
Physiological specialization
5.
Taxonomic isolation from terrestrial relatives
ii. Distribution
1.
34 species between 30 degrees N and S (8 in Western
2.
Limitations on Distribution
a.
Climate
b.
Inundation of Saltwater
c.
Salinity
d.
Tidal Fluctuation
e.
Sediment & Wave energy
iii. Speciation
1.
Distinguishable by variation in Morphology, physiology,
reproductive biology:
a.
Growth form
b.
Bark
c.
Structure of leaves/rings
d.
Twigs
e.
Aerial roots
f.
Flowers & fruits
g.
propagules
II.
Mangrove Zonation„Mangroves have been noted for spatial
variation
a.
Definitive zonation
i. Monospecific
bands
ii. Parallel
to shoreline
iii. General
pattern of zonation depicts a pattern that extends from shore to inland regions
(usually higher in elevation).
iv. Zonation
patterns appear regional. Large
degree of variation occurs among similar species.
1.
Florida vs. Australia example
b.
Dominant Hypotheses
i. Zonation
reflects land building and plant succession (Davis 1940)
ii. Geomorphological
processes cause zonation (Thom 1976)
iii. Propagule
dispersal creates zonation (Babinowitz 1978)
iv. Differential
predation of propagules (Smith 1987, McKee 1995)
v. Physiologic
specialization (Ball 1988, McKee 1993, 1995)
vi. Interspecific
competition (Ball 1980)
c.
Hypothesis Assessment
i. Brief
examination of merits and flaws of each hypothesis
ii. What
does the data tell us?
Bibliography:
Ball, M.C. 1980.
Patterns of secondary succession in a mangrove forest in southern
Florida. Oceologica (Berlin) 44: 226-235.
Ball, M.C. 1988.
Ecophysiology of mangroves. Trees 2: 129-142.
Chapin, F. Stuart, et al. 2002. Principles of terrestrial
ecosystem ecology.
Springer-Verlag. New York.
Davis, J.H. 1940.
The ecology and geologic role of mangroves in Florida.
Washington, DC. Publication no. 517.
Feller, Iika C. and Sitnik, Marsha. 1996. Mangrove ecology
workshop manual. Smithsonian Institute.
Kricher, John.
1997. A neotropical companion.
Princeton UP. Princeton.
McKee, K.L. 1993. Soil physicochemical patterns and mangrove
species distribution: reciprocal effects?
J of Ecology 81: 477-487.
Mckee, K.L. 1995. Seedling recruitment patterns in a
Belizean mangrove forest: effects of establishment ability and physico-chemical
factors. Oecologia 101: 448-460.
Rabinowitz, D. 1978. Dispersal properties of mangrove
propagules. Biotropica 10: 47-57.
Smith, T.J III.
1987. Seed predation in relation to tree dominance and distribution in
mangrove forests. Ecology 68:
266-273.
Thom, B.G. 1967.
Mangrove ecology and deltaic geomorphology: Tabasco, Mexico. J of
Ecology 55: 301-343.
Tomlinson, P.B. 1986.
The botany of mangroves.
Cambridge UP. Cambridge, UK.
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