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Synopsis:
My topic is ocean pollution. I chose this topic because not only is it disgusting that we will be swimming in the overly polluted ocean, but the world's water supply comes from these nasty waters. Water is such a valued and necessary resource, and people all over the world are making it dirty. By raising awareness of the polluted marine waters, I hope people will be cautious of their actions and realize how polluting the waters can harmfully affect the health of people and the environment.
Outline Requirements:
Include an introductory paragraph of what your paper is about as well as a section by section breakdown of your paper. Be as specific as possible. Your final paper should include a minimum of 10 peer reviewed literature sources (journals and books). Web sites can be used, but do not count as peer reviewed sources. Use as many sources as possible in your outline 'literature Cited' section. You can add more sources when you submit your final paper.
The Effects of Ocean Pollution; intro
Water is the absolute most necessary resource to all life. Not only is it vital for staying alive, but also society today depends on water for nearly everything. Water is used in household necessities such as plumbing, bathing, dishwashing, and laundry. It is even becoming a luxury, as water provides the fun people have on weekends through their alcoholic beverages. Also, swimming is one of AmericaÕs most valued sports, as America is represented by the Olympic gold medalist, Michael Phelps. The list goes on with reasons why this world needs water, but every day all of these people subconsciously pollute the water which they are so dependent on. The amount of pollution in the ocean today is truly revolting when one realizes that the ocean is the prime water supply to daily life. In this paper, I will discuss several of the ways in which the ocean is polluted, how this pollution affects our society and living resources, and finally some potential solutions to help prevent the excess pollution.
Breakdown of sections in my paper
¥ Wastes and toxins that get thrown into the ocean
o Refer to Ocean Dumping and Marine Pollution
o Records show that 850 million meters cubed of liquid and solid wastes have been dumped in the ocean in the past 85 years (51).
o Debris from natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, fires get thrown into the ocean (51).
o ÒSince the late 1960Õs, impacts by humanity on the environment and degradation of air, water, and soil have received widespread attention by the public and increased levels of funding to perform scientific studiesÉ The practice of transporting large volumes of wastes by barge to officially designated ocean dumpsites has been going on since 1888. Most the public is aware of this and does nothing to stop it, because they donÕt know where else to put the wasteÓ
o In this article I quote a reason as to why they started to dump it in the oceanÑ
¥ ÒNew York was being smothered in debris, garbage, animal remains and wastes; and, that such accumulations fouled the environment and were a serious threat to the general health of the cityÓ (52). They believed that ocean dumping was less detrimental to the health than having the waste sit in the air that everyone breathes
o also deposit sediments into the ocean
¥ 10.8 x 10^6 cubic yards of sediment were transported to the just one dump area in New York in from 1967 Ð 1977 (100).
o Sewage is dumped heavily into the ocean, and it contains less than 5 to 10 percent of solids. Because it consists of mostly liquid, it has a lower gravity and lower density, so it does not accumulate with all of the other solid waste at the seafloor.
¥ These wastes are not readily amenable to models of dredged materials because of their different physical characteristics, but they are dumped into the ocean anyway (Palmer 186).
¥ Oil pollution
o It is constantly being spilled into the sea
o Refer to Scientific Aspects of Pollution for more information and emphasis on this
¥ Evidence that pollution has been recently increasing (Sindermann 1).
o As the human population and industries in the coastal zones expand, the pollution of marine waters expands.
o Also, the ocean dumping increases in volume annually, as well as ocean outfalls.
o The evidence can be seen by the high coliform levels in coastal waters; increased organic content in inshore sediments and reports of coastal algal blooms; reports of significant levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons, petroleum residues, and heavy metals in ocean waters, sediments, and organisms (Sindermann 1).
¥ How the pollution affects the animal life in the ocean
o Waste disposal, like sewage, has been recognized as a potential threat to the environmental quality of shelf waters and the adjacent sea floor (Palmer 186).
o ALL IN OCEAN POLLUTION Ð EFFECTS ON LIVING RESOURCES AND HUMANS
¥ How the pollution affects people
o ALL IN OCEAN POLLUTION Ð EFFECTS ON LIVING RESOURCES AND HUMANS
¥ How the pollution affects the environment as a whole
o ÒDisposal of sediments is a major depositional process with important sedimentologic and hydraulic consequences. Large-scale dredging in the U.S. East Coast estuaries has cut channels far below natural equilibrium depths and induced rapid sediment accumulation. In turn, the increased frequency of dredging has created a massive disposal problem and a need for ocean dumpingÓ (Palmer 147).
¥ The attempts to solve this problem, done by the government using laws and regulations
o Refer to Water Quality and Availability pg 114-118
¥ Possible solutions for prevention
¥ Conclusion of the paper Ð Indeed, pollution is a problem that needs to be heeded
Literature Cited- 5 so far, all peer-reviewed books. I will be adding more for the first draft.
Hepple, Peter. "Persistent Oils at Sea." Journal of the Institute of Petroleum. Reprinted in Scientific Aspects of Pollution of the Sea by Oil.
TD 427.P4 S38
Sindermann, Carl J. Ocean Pollution - Effects on Living Resources and Humans. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc., 1996.
QL 121.S62 1996
Water - Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. David L. Bender, Bruno Leone, and Carol Wekesser. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1994.
TD348.W38 1994
Miller, E. Willard, and Ruby M. Miller. Water Quality and Availability. N.p.: ABC-CLIO Inc., 1992.
TD223.M53
Ocean Dumping and Marine Pollution. Ed. Harold D. Palmer and M. Grant Gross. N.p.: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., 1979.
QE39.025
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