Paleoclimate, Greenhouse Warming, El Nino & Climate Change

R. Hays Cummins, Western Program, Miami University

Search the Climate Change Database!

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PaleoClimate
Greenhouse Warmimg
Long-Range Forecasts of Global Phenomena: Global Change and El Nino

Other Sites of Interest

Weather Sites (Maps, Forecasts, Satellite Imagery, Satellite Movies, Hurricanes, Severe Weather, Computer Models, Radar, etc)

Visit the Radar and Severe Weather Site

Weather Sites-Home Base (The whole nine yards!)
- "Text Only" Link of the same weather sites as above, minus many graphics. Not as interesting, but download time is much quicker!
Satellite Imagery- Table of Contents (Mostly Hyper-Links-Fast Downloads)
Satellite Movie Downloads (Select real-time satellite movies and images automatically downloaded.)
Hurricanes & Tropical Weather- View on the Weather Sites Main or as a stand alone experience!
Just the Maps & Views!-While far from complete, these downloaded views provide for a satisfying overview of North American Weather.
Global Climate Change course syllbaus

The Periodic Table on the WWW!

PaleoClimate

Here are a few very good sources for climate change.

NOAA PaleoClimatology & Other Sources

NOAA Paleoclimatology Program- CLIMATE MODEL DATA
- Paleoclimates from Arctic Lakes and Estuaries
NOAA Paleoclimatology Program- What's NEW?
NOAA Environmental Information: A Summary
Educational Outreach - NOAA Paleoclimatology Science Primer
- Educational Climate Links -Grades 4-12
- Educational Outreach - Glaciation
- Educational Outreach - Milankovitch Theory
- Introduction to PaleoClimatology
NOAA Paleoclimatology Program -- Reports and Publications
NOAA Paleoclimatology Program -- Miscellaneous Data Sets
NOAA's PALEO VU User's Guide
- Download Paleo Vu & Other Software! From NOAA
NOAA Lsit of Oceanographic Resources on the Internet
NOAA Oceanographic Database
NOAA Paleoclimatology Program- Data ACCESS & Data Contributions. AWESOME! Ice, Pollen, Fauna, Tree Rings--Lots of Links to original data, by author. Topics are widely varied!
- Climate Model Data
- Paleotempestology Resource Center

Pollen & Tree Rings- Windows to the Past

NOAA Paleoclimatology Program -Pollen & Vegetation/ Climate Reconstruction
Paleovegetation Maps (Review & Map Atlas of Paleovegetation around the World)
- Vegetation Mapping - NOAA
NOAA Tree-Ring Data Description -- A Primer for Tree Ring Analysis
- Tree-Ring Data--The NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology are home to the International Tree-Ring Data Bank.
- Tree-Ring Data Search Page
- Summer temperature since 1600 AD for the Upper Kolyma region, northeastern Russia, ... Based on Tree Ring Analysis

NOAA Paleoclimatology Program-International Ice Core Data Cooperative-Current Data Holdings

Tropical and Temperate Ice Core Data
Other Polar Ice Core Data
- Agassiz Ice Core Data
Greenland Ice Core Data
Antarctic Ice Core Data
- Vostok Ice Core Data Sources and Interpretations of the Vostok Ice Core
- Vostok Time Scales Here is infor on Vostok Dust Swamp

GreenHouse Warming & Climate Change

A GOES satellite MPG loop of the Mt. St. Helens eruption!

Carbon Dioxide Information Center
- CDIAC Newsletter
- CDIAC Focus Areas
  - Search the CDIAC Database
    - By Subject!!!
  - FTP datasets from the CDIAC
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center -Frequently Requested Global Change Products! AWESOME RESOURCE
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center -Oceanic CO2 Data Sets
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center -Ameriflux Data Sets A coperative exchange of valuable info on the Global carbon cycle
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center -WORLD DATA CENTERS
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center -Conversion Tables Just about every conversion you could think of!
- CDIAC Frequently Asked Questions Some interesting food for thought
Quicktime Volcanic eruptions are another source of atmospheric aerosols and carbon. Montserrat blows its Stack on 1/13/99.
U.S. DOE Global Survey of CO2 in the Oceans-- Data Management Support Provided by the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center for the U.S. DOE Global Surveyof CO2 in the Oceans
Data needs for modelling global biospheric carbon fluxes - Some lessons from a comparison of models
Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations
TRENDS '93: Atmospheric CO2
Quicktime Ever wonder how sea level reached its current level? Check out this NASA animation of the Melting of Antarctic Ice over the last 20, 000 years. Absolutely amazing!

This plot was generated from data downloaded from NOAA

Greenhouse Effect & Enhanced Greenhouse Effect- An Essay on Greenhouse Warming
The Coming Climate (Sci American article on climate change)
Fact Sheet: Soil Profiles and Incremental Tree Growth, Carbon Storage and the Carbon Cycle
Anthropogenic CO: The natural carbon cycle reclaims center stage
- The Ocean-Atmosphere pCO Gradient
(from Warming to the issue, National Greenhouse Advisory Panel, 1995)

The Tragedy of the Commons

The Commons
Human Population and Global Warming
Broecker's Warning (An essay on the global warming)

Skeptics Corner Makes for interesting perspectives I hadn't thought about till recently

Greenhouse Warming: Fact, Hypothesis, or Myth? An Interesting Perspective on Greenhouse Warming from a Skeptic!
Another Global Warming Skeptic's Page
Still Waiting for Greenhouse A Skeptic's View
- Little Warming with new Global Carbon Cycle Model

National Atmospheric Deposition Program

Isopleth Maps--1996/ 1995/ 1994 An absolutely wonderful source of data ranging from pH, S04, Na, Cl, etc!

The 1996 pH of Rainfall in the United States. (Click on the Map for a Larger View)

The 1996 Rainfall in the continental US. Are there any surprises? (Click on the Map for a Larger View)

Long-Range Forecasts of Global Phenomena: Global Change and El Nino

This plot was generated from data downloaded from NOAA

Colorado State: Global Forecasts Forecasts (Excellent Long-Range Forecast Tool)
- Hurricanes
- El Nino
- Sahael (North African Rainfall)
WORLD CLIMATE REPORT

El Nino

From The Weather Underground If anything is going on, check out the Hurricane Page

Quicktime Movies A NOAA meteorologist discusses the cause and effect relationships between El Nino and world wide weather. From CNN.
- In Peru, El Nino often brings flooding rains to areas that are not prepared for them.
- By products of El Nino often include powerful Pacific storms that generate huge waves along the California coast.
- Other regions often experience an increase in fires due to drought and purposeful burning.
- A really nice quicktime movie of the eastern pacific and the transition from the '98 El Nino to La Nina.
View a terrifc Quicktime Movie of Temperature Anomaly Comparisons of the Last Four El Nino Events or a feature of 1982 and 1997-98 (From El Nino Resources: Movies & Animations, Florida State Univ)
Check out this terrific EL Nino Report referred to as the "WESTERN REGION TECHNICAL ATTACHMENT." I know, it sounds so boring! But it is loaded with terrific information, explanations and graphics.
So, what is La Nina?
Impacts of El Nino and Benefits of El Nino Predicton The analyses of El Nino are getting more sophisticated as we come to better understand the phenomenon. Impressive Resource!
El Nino Forecasts (Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies)
A Graphical Comparison of El Ninos during this century. Is El Nino '97-'98 the largest?
The El Nino Theme Page (NOAA 3-Star Site)
NOAA: El Nino and Climate Prediction (A pretty good overview of El Nino and climate prediction)
TOPEX/Poseidon:Understanding our Oceans & Climate from Space Nasa & France Joint Endeavor
- TOPEX/Poseidon and El Niño
- El Nino is Back and Strong
- A Series of El Nino 1997 Images
- Quicktime 2 MB Sea level Change Movie, January-September, 1997. The white and red areas indicate unusual patterns of heat storage; in the white areas, the sea surface is between 14 and 32 centimeters ( 6 to 13 inches) above normal; in the red areas, it's about 10 centimeters (4 inches) above normal. The surface area covered by the warm water mass is about one and one-half times the size of the continental United States. The added amount of oceanic warm water near the Americas, with a temperature between 21-30 degrees Celsius (70-85 degrees Fahrenheit), is about 30 times the volume of water in all the U.S. Great Lakes combined.
- Pineapple Express: "The Microwave Limb Sounder experiment on UARS is detecting an unusually large build-up of water vapor in the atmosphere at heights of approximately 12 kilometers (eight miles) over the central-easterntropical Pacific. Not since the last strong El Nino in the winter of 1991-92 have we seen such a large build-up of water vapor in this part of the atmosphere," said JPL's Dr. William Read. "Increased water vapor at theseheights can be associated with more intense winter-time storm activity from the 'pineapple express,' a pattern of atmospheric motions that brings tropical moisture from Hawaii to the southwestern United States. This phenomena is an example of how the ocean and atmosphere work together to dictate the severity of El Nino events."
- Heat Capacity: "The difference between the current, abnormally high amount of heat in the near-surface waters and the usual amount of heat in the same area is about 93 times the total energy from fossil fuels consumed by the United States in 1995."
El Niño Resources-Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Library-
- El Niño Resources: Theme Pages
- El Niño Resources: Articles Online
- El Niño Resources: Movies & Animations -MPGs
  - Quicktime Sea Level Change Animation (From Univ of Texas at Austin)
  - Simulation (QuickTime) of an El Niño Phenomena represented with ocean temperature change (From NOAA)
  - MPG Sea Surface Variability during EL Nino 1994-'95 ( From TOPEX/Poseidon)
- El Niño Resources: Projects - Brief Reports
- El Niño Resources: Current News
- Comprehensive El Nino Bibliography
- Bibliography of Dissertations on the topic of El Niño
USA Today El Nino Page
El Nino and Climate Prediction (1997-Reports to the Nation on Our Changing Planet)
International Research Institute: El Nino Impacts Includes graphs of precip data and comparisons of El Nino with La Nina years.
- El Nino '97-'98 compared with previous years
Ocean Planet Smithsonian Institution
Earth Space Research Group (Very Nice Graphic Interactive El Nino site)
El Niño and the Southern Oscillation:A Reversal of Fortune (Kimberly Amaral Master's Thesis)
What is an El Nino? (NOAA )
- A MPG Animation of Wind and Sea Surface Temperatures in the Pacific Ocean during El Nino (~1.3 MB)
Current El Nino-Related Climate Predictions and Forecasts (From NOAA /PMEL)
- Sea Surface Temperature Forecasts

El Nino and La Nina Quicktime Gallery--Some of the latest movies

For more info, visit the NOAA La Nina Home Page and Current El Nino / La Nina Related Climate Predictions and Forecasts.

La Nina and El Nino Oceanic Temperature Comparisons An image of the effects of La Nina on global weather conditions.
1982 & 1997/98 El Nino Temperature Comparisons
An amazing El Nino temperature drop as we transition into La Nina in the eastern Pacific (thru June 21, 1998).
An interesting movie of wind speed and wind anomalies in the Pacific Ocean during El Nino and the transition to La Nina (thru Aug 15, 1998).

A Graphical Comparison of El Ninos during this century. Was El Nino '97-'98 the largest?

Books, Articles, Journals, Library Resources

The world's largest bookstore!

The Library of Congress

The Current Issue of Scientific American

Science Magazine

Other Library Resources

Miami Link

Reference Resources(Encyclopedias, maps, phone books)

Encyclopedias
Sciences

Sherlock (Library holdings at Miami)
Ohio Link Central Catalog (SEARCH Statewide)

Ohio Link Home Page

Ohio Link Electronic Journals--Amazing Online Resource
Search the Ohio Link Journal Index

Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Sciences Physics & Astronomy Life Sciences

World Catalog
ARTICLE INDICES Search Journals for the LATEST pubs

Other Cool Library Stuff!

FIRST SEARCH Biology Science Citation Index Applied Science & Technology Environment and Ecology

AGRICCOLA Geology GEOBASE Life Sciences General Periodicals

Search a Database of My Global Change Links!

There is a large database of links at this site. The Database concentrates on tropical ecology, global change and weather, greenhouse warming, and natural resources.
Enter some key words to search by:

Find pages with of these words and return results.

Detailed Results Search Phonetically Begins With Searching

What's New: Past Day Past Week Past Month Last Update

Search a Database of My Global Change Links!
There is a large database of links at this site. The Database concentrates on tropical ecology, global change and weather, greenhouse warming, and natural resources. Enter some key words to search by: Find pages with of these words and return results. Detailed Results Search Phonetically Begins With Searching What's New: Past Day Past Week Past Month Last Update