Search WWW WITHIN-SITE Keyword Search

Introduction and Background Information:
For our student generated lab our group decided to do a project that some might consider a bit abstract. Who really considers what factors play a role in the increasing population anyway? Well, after having sifted through work from like-minded persons, we have found that there are quite a few. Most reports seem to focus only on sexually transmitted diseases and birth control as factors in changing birthrates. These seem to be the same researchers who are concerned primarily with percentage or teenage mothers. Some articles focus on factors much more closely related to our hypothesis, effects of climate and other more natural changes, but most of these are not pecific to the United States, as our project will be. Still other studies attribute any changes in birthrate over time to education, money, or age of mothers. Some studies are from other countries or many different regions, which gives us an idea about how different regions consider factors of birth rate. With so many factors to consider, it is necessary for us, as it was for our fellow researches, to narrow down their field of vision. This explains the numerous differing projects concerning population.
Most people would agree that the growing number of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases is a serious problem. Much of our research was concerned with this matter, but we are happy to report that according to, "Understanding U.S. Fertility: Continuity and Change in the National Survey of Family Growth" by William D. Mosher, "concern with the AIDS epidemic led to increases in condom use between 1982 and 1990." Even teen pregnancy rates were falling during the 90's, as stated in, "U.S. Births Rise for First Time in Eight Years; Births to Teenagers Still Falling," by B. Brown. And of the pregnancies that remained were told that they were healthier, overall, US Birthrates Continued to Fall in 1993 "Including Rates Among Adolescents," from The Alan Guttmacher Institute, says "The birthrates for teenagers and for women in their 20s declined, while the birthrates for women in their 30s increased. While overall nonmarital fertility remained constant, rates declined among black women and rose among white women. Several factors related to healthy birth outcomes showed improvement in 1993 --the degree of tobacco use among pregnant women and the proportion of women utilizing prenatal care -- while others deteriorated -- the percentage of babies born preterm and at low birth weight." Which leads us into factors of race and age.
Race, age, wealth, education, and income are all considered factors in birthrates by the articles we researched. With regards to age, the studies show that there is a rise in the average age of first-time mothers, which is the topic of these and many other articles, "Among Women Over 30, Rate of First Births Rose Strongly with Education", by P. Rind and "Recent U.S. Fertility Patterns Continue: Birthrates Climb Among Older Women, Childlessness Rises" (in Digest) and "More U.S. Women are Deferring First Birth Till Their Mid- or Late 30s" (in digest). This may be because of the trend of later marriages according to, "The U.S. Fertility Decline, 1961-1975: The Contribution of Changes in Marital Status and Marital Fertility" by Campbell Gibson. Whether or not the mother can support her child should obviously be a factor, as addressed by Lee-Jay Cho in, "Income and Differentials in Current Fertility." "[W]omen in the labor force are less fertile than women not in the labor force, the author finds three differentials in fertility by income. This paper demonstrates, then, that the traditional inverse relationship between income and birth rates no longer holds among whites, and that even among Negroes, the previously well-established inverse relationship seems to be heading toward some modification. Finally, fertility differences for both whites and Negroes are smaller in urban than in rural areas," says Cho, also addressing the issue of race.
Some of the only articles that seemed to address the issue of climate as a factor on birthrate were mostly centered on a global scale. Few articles focused on United States. However, many included specific regions, "Low Fertility in Europe: A Report from the 1981 IUSSP Meeting" (in Special Report), by Deirdre Wulf, "Mexico's Experience Shows That Economic and Social Development Do Not Automatically Result in Slowing Rapid Population Growth," (in Digest), "Seasonal Variation in Conception in Rural Uganda and Mexico," by Richard W. Thompson; Michael C. Robbins, and "Half of Nicaraguan Women Use Contraceptives, Yet Birthrates Remain High," by L. Remez, which allows us a view of the wide-spread use of contraceptives and their effectiveness. Some researches chose to focus on a wide-spread or global scale, focusing sometimes on a few different areas at once. The articles, "The Ingredients of Recent Fertility Decline in Developing Countries," by Phillips Cutright, "Public Health Consequences of Global Climate Change in the United States-- Some Regions May Suffer Disproportionately, "by Janice Longstreth which states that, "seven possible (health effects that might increase worldwide with global climate change): heat stress, insect- and animal-borne disease, respiratory disease, allergic disease related to environmental allergens, developmental effects, i.e., perinatal mortality and/or preterm birth, health problems due to malnutrition and lack of water, and health problems due to crowding," "Tropical Acclimatization," but J. Elbert Cutler, and obviously, "World Population," by Warren D. Smith. There were a few articles, such as "The U.S. Birthrate," by June Sklar; Beth Berkov; Campbell Gibson, which chose to focus specifically on the factors of birthrates in only the United States, much like we intend to do with our own study.
We can see from our research that our study may, in fact, be one of a kind, but have decided not to let this discourage us. After all, we cannot really discover something that someone else has already found.

Question:
Is there a reason some cities have higher birthrates then others? Can a correlation be drawn between birthrate and issues related to the environment? Our group originally wondered if starry nights had higher conception rates verses clear nights and then we wondered if people who lived in warmer environments were more likely to have higher rates. We thought that it might have to do with people being happier in warmer sunnier climates. These questions interested our group and we wanted to find out if we could determine if climate played in birthrate. For our research we wanted to study the possible effect of birthrate in American cities only. We were interested in finding out if we could draw any correlations between birthrate and climate. We realized that there would be many different factors that play a key in the birthrate numbers. To try and best control our samples we will use cities with similar populations. Things like the percentage of women in the workforce, demographic statistics, and other similar issues will come into play but we will attempt like to focus on the factors related to the environment more. We feel that we can create a study that will attempt to focus in on environmental issues that affect the birthrate as much as possible. Factors such as the temperature and the number of cloudy days in the year 2000.

Hypothesis:
Our prediction is that areas with warmer temperatures, less rain and more cloudless days will have a significant effect on the birthrate in the area.

Methods:
"Who Procreates Where" is a study with many variables. Our group wishes to focus and emphasize the significance of climate on the birthrates in the U.S. To do this we will use data from the 2000 US Census at www.census.gov and facts about specific states in the year 2000 from www.city-data.com/city and information from the state departments of health and human services. The data on these sites should be significant to conduct our study.
The cities we will be using all have a population between 250,000 and 500,000, so that will not be a variable in out study. Other factors that we identified are: percentage of females in the population, percentage of the population that is white, median household income, percentage of the population with high school educations, average temperature, the total precipitation, the total days without clouds, and the total days with clouds.
Originally, we were going to study twenty-five cities. Due to difficulty in finding the birthrate data, we reduced our research to twelve cities.
The cities being studied are: 1)Fayetteville, North Carolina 2)Salem, Oregon 3)Trenton, New Jersey 4)Reno, Nevada 5)Lincoln, Nebraska 6)Corpus Christi, Texas 7)Spokane, Washington 8)Madison, Wisconsin 9)Jackson, Mississippi 10)Tallahassee, Florida 11)Rockford, Illinois 12)South Bend, Indiana.
After the data collection we will used Statview to analyze the data. The methods we used were Correlation Matrix and Fisher's r to z. The Correlation Matrix output the r-value. The r-value was then used to find the p-value to determine the significance of the data.

Results
Once our data was compiled and then entered into the Statview program, and found that our results failed to reject the null hypothesis. The most important information we were able to gather was from a correlation matrix.
Picture of Correlation Matrix
Picture of Fisher's r to z
By comparing the birthrate from each city to the cityÕs total population, percentage of females, median household income, percentage of white or Caucasian people, percentage of people with a high school education or higher, the average temperature, total precipitation days with clouds and days clear of clouds of the city for the year 2000, we were able to find some interesting correlation coefficients, r-values. When these r-values are squared they show us the percentage of how much difference can be considered chance. Our main concern on this chart is the column comparing Total Births to the other data. When compared to population, percent female, income, percent white, and education data, birthrate shows positive correlations. Perhaps the most notable of these results is the column comparing Total Births to the Median Household Income of each city. The r-values for this column show that the Median Household Income, though not technically significant, percentage of difference due to chance has an r-value of .507, which is only approximately twenty-five percent. In other words, almost seventy-five percent of the correlation between income and birthrate (the higher the income, the more births) is not due to chance. Education and Race, also positive numbers? The data pertaining to whether on the other hand, shows negative correlations to birthrate. The Average Temperature, Total Precipitation, Days With/Without Clouds seem to have no affect what-so-ever on birthrate. Conclusion notes Need more sources to have sig. data, but data difficult to find. High income equals high births, only in America

Conclusion:
"Who Procreates Where" was a study to determine what effects birthrate. Our p-value showed that our data was not very significant. The factors that were related to weather had negative r-values, meaning that we failed to reject the null hypothesis. The factor that had the most relevance to birthrate was the median household income. However, even income did not have a p-value that showed it was significant.
Even though our data isn't significant, the results point to a few conclusions. The data points to higher income families having higher birthrates. This is unusual because most often in America and around the world the opposite is true.
There were a lot of possible errors with our experimentation. The most obvious being the lack of data on birthrates for cities, thus the low number of cities sampled. If we had collected data on many cities we would have been able to determine more substantial effects on birthrate.

Our Day:
Our day is going to be a day of fun and shame. All I can say is condoms and bananas.

Works Cited
Althaus, F. "U.S. Birthrate Decreased in 1991, but Nonmarital Fertility
Continued to Rise." Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 26, No. 1. (Jan. - Feb., 1994), pp. 43-44. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28199401%2F02%2926%3A1%3C43%3AUBDI1B%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C
Brown, B. "U.S. Births Rise for First Time in Eight Years; Births to Teenagers Still Falling." Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 32, No. 5. (Sep. - Oct., 2000), pp.263-264. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=001454%28200009%2F10%2932%3A5%3C263%3AUBRFFT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X
Bachrach. "Understanding U.S. Fertility: Continuity and Change in the National Survey of Family Growth, 1988-1995." Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 28, No. 1. (Jan. - Feb., 1996), pp. 4-12.
Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28199601%2F02%2928%3A1%3C4%
3AUUFCAC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0
Cho, Lee-Jay "Income and Differentials in Current Fertility." Demography, Vol.5, No. 1. (1968), pp. 198-211. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0070-3370%281968%295%3A1%3C198%3AIADIC
F%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Z
Cutler, J. Elbert "Tropical Acclimatization." American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol.4, No. 3. (Jul. - Sep., 1902), pp. 421-440. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-7294%28190207%2F09%292%3A4%3A3%3
C421%3ATA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H
Cutright, Phillips. "The Ingredients of Recent Fertility Decline in Developing Countries. "International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 9, No. 4. (Dec., 1983), pp.101-109. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0190-3187%28198312%299%3A4%3C101%3ATIO
RFD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0
Gibson, Campbell. "The U.S. Fertility Decline, 1961-1975: The Contribution of Changes in Marital Status and Marital Fertility." Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 8, No. 5. (Sep. - Oct., 1976), pp. 249-252. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28197609%2F10%298%3A5%3C249
%3ATUFD1T%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3
Hollander, D. "Number of U.S. Births Climbed Again in 1990, Matching 1962 Level."Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 25, No. 5. (Sep. - Oct., 1993), pp. 236-237.Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28199309%2F10%2925%3A5%3C236
%3ANOUBCA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3
Longstreth, Janice. "Public Health Consequences of Global Climate Change in the United States-- Some Regions May Suffer Disproportionately." http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/topic/global/longstreth-full.html#back
Mahler K. "US Birthrates Continued to Fall in 1993 Including Rates Among Adolescents." 1996. The Alan Guttmacher Institute.
http://www.jstor.org/browse?viewCitations=1&frame=noframe&userID=8635d39c
@muohio.edu/018dd5533b0050e5ee56&config=jstor
"Mexico's Experience Shows That Economic and Social Development Do Not
Automatically Result in Slowing Rapid Population Growth. "International Family Planning Perspectives and Digest, Vol. 4, No. 1. (Spring, 1978), pp. 29-30. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0162-2749%28197821%294%3A1%3C29%3AME
STEA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T
"More U.S. Women are Deferring First Birth Till Their Mid- or Late 30s." Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 17, No. 1. (Jan. - Feb., 1985), pp. 41-42. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28198501%2F02%2917%3A1%3C41
%3AMUWADF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G Mosher, William D. and Christine A.
"Recent U.S. Fertility Patterns Continue: Birthrates Climb Among Older Women, Childlessness Rises." Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 20, No. 1. (Jan. -Feb., 1988), pp. 44-45. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28198801%2F02%2920%3A1%3C44
%3ARUFPCB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4
Remez, L. "Half of Nicaraguan Women Use Contraceptives, Yet Birthrates Remain High." International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 20, No. 3. (Sep.,1994), pp. 116-117. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0190-3187%28199409%2920%3A3%3C116%3AH
ONWUC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E
Rind, P. "Among Women Over 30, Rate of First Births Rose Strongly with
Education. "Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 23, No. 4. (Jul. - Aug., 1991), pp. 189-190. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28199107%2F08%2923%3A4%3C189
%3AA WO3RO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6
Sklar, June and Beth Berkov and Campbell Gibson. "The U.S. Birthrate." Science, New Series, Vol. 197, No. 4299. (Jul. 8, 1977), p. 108+110. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075%2819770708%293%3A197%3A4299%
3C108%3ATUB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2

Smith, Warren D. "World Population." The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 40, No. 1.(Jan.,1935), pp. 33-43.Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0096-3771%28193501%2940%3A1%3C33%3AWP
%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T
Thompson, Richard W. and Michael C. Robbins. "Seasonal Variation in Conception in Rural Uganda and Mexico." American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 75, No.3. (Jun., 1973), pp. 676-686. Stable URL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-7294%28197306%292%3A75%3A3%3C676
%3ASVICIR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A
Wulf, Deirdre. "Low Fertility in Europe: A Report from the 1981 IUSSP Meeting" Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 14, No. 5. (Sep. - Oct., 1982), pp. 264-270.
StableURL:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0014-7354%28198209%2F10%2914%3 A5%3
C264%3ALFIEAR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O

Next Article
Previous Article
Return to the Topic Menu

Here is a list of responses that have been posted to this Study...

Respond to this Submission!

IMPORTANT: For each Response, make sure the title of the response is different than previous titles shown above!

DOWNLOAD the Paper Posting HTML Formating HELP SHEET!

We also have a GUIDE for depositing articles, images, data, etc in your research folders.

Article complete. Click HERE to return to the Pre-Course Presentation Outline and Paper Posting Menu.

Visit the rest of the site!

Site NAVIGATION--Table of Contents

Listen to a "Voice Navigation" Intro! (Quicktime or MP3)

Search WWW WITHIN-SITE Keyword Search!!

WEATHER & EARTH SCIENCE RESOURCES Look Below for.....WEATHERSITES........Use "Pop-Ups"---> Numerical Models & Computer Forecasts --Just The Maps & Views Midwest Weather Hurricanes & Tropical Weather --Spectacular Hurricane Movies and Images--Past and Present --Tropical Satellite Views Radar & Severe Weather --Password Protected Radar Oxford,OH CURRENT Weather Conditions --ARCHIVED Weather Conditions Satellite Movie Uploads! Real Time Satellite Imagery & Movies/ Coastal Radar Main Street Weather Global Climate Change Starting Points (Climate Change Course) TROPICAL ECOSYSTEM FIELD COURSES TROPICAL ECOSYSTEM COURSE SYLLABI......! -----Tropical Ecosystem Syllabi TROPICAL MARINE ECOLOGY of the Florida Keys & Bahamas: Syllabus --(Pg 2): Tropical Marine Ecology of the Florida Keys & Bahamas -Course Announcement: Tropical Marine Ecology -Marine Ecology Course Starting Points--NEW -Marine Ecology LISTserve TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS of COSTA RICA: Syllabus -Course Announcement: Tropical Ecosystems Costa Rica -Costa Rica Starting Points--NEW -Costa Rica LISTserve TROPICAL ECOSYSTEM IMAGE and MOVIE COLLECTION......! TROPICAL MARINE ECOLOGY Images and Movies --(Cont): Tropical Marine Ecology Images and Movies --Marine Ecology Streaming Video Potpourri --Tropical Marine Ecology Digital Images 2008 --Tropical Marine Ecology Digital Images 2007 --Tropical Marine Ecology Digital Images 2006 --Tropical Marine Ecology Digital Images 2005 --Tropical Marine Ecology Digital Images 2004 --Tropical Marine Ecology Digital Images 2003 --Tropical Marine Ecology Digital Images 2002 --Curacao Coral Reef Ecology Images July 2007 --Curacao Coral Reef Ecology Images July 2006 --Curacao Coral Reef Ecology Images Aug 2005 --Curacao Coral Reef Ecology Images Aug 2004 --Curacao Coral Reef Ecology Images 2003 ---------------------------------------- TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS of COSTA RICA Images and Movies --COSTA RICA Images and Movie Collection --Earth Expeditions: TRINIDAD 2008 Environmental Education Course Images --Costa Rica 2007 Ecology Course Photos & Images --Costa Rica 2006 Ecology Course Photos & Images --Earth Expeditions: Costa Rica 2006 Ecology Course Images --Costa Rica 2005 Ecology Course Images --Earth Expeditions: Costa Rica 2005 Ecology Course Images --Costa Rica 2004 Digital Images --Earth Expeditions: Costa Rica 2004 Digital Images --Costa Rica 2003 Digital Images --Costa Rica Streaming Video Potpourri EARTH EXPEDITIONS-NAMIBIA: GREAT CAT CONSERVATION 2007 TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS FIELD COURSE PRESENTATIONS......! MARINE ECOLOGY 2008 --2008-Marine Ecology Paper Outlines --2008-Marine Ecology Papers MARINE ECOLOGY 2007 --2007-Marine Ecology Paper Outlines --2007-Marine Ecology Papers MARINE ECOLOGY 2006 --2006-Marine Ecology Paper Outlines --2006-Marine Ecology Papers MARINE ECOLOGY 2005 --2005-Marine Ecology Paper Outlines --2005-Marine Ecology Papers MARINE ECOLOGY 2004 --2004-Marine Ecology Paper Outlines --2004-Marine Ecology Papers MARINE ECOLOGY 2003 --2003-Marine Ecology Paper Outlines --2003-Marine Ecology Papers Summer 02-Tropical Marine Ecology Summer 01-Tropical Marine Ecology Summer 00-Tropical Marine Ecology Summer 99-Tropical Marine Ecology Summer 98-Tropical Marine Ecology ---------------------------------------- COSTA RICA 2008 --2008-Costa Rica Paper Outlines --2008-Costa Rica Papers COSTA RICA 2007 --2007-Costa Rica Paper Outlines --2007-Costa Rica Papers COSTA RICA 2006 --2006-Costa Rica Paper Outlines --2006-Costa Rica Papers COSTA RICA 2005 --2005-Costa Rica Paper Outlines --2005-Costa Rica Papers COSTA RICA 2004 --2004-Costa Rica Paper Outlines --2004-Costa Rica Papers COSTA RICA 2003 --2003-Costa Rica Paper Outlines --2003-Costa Rica Papers Summer 02-Tropical Ecosystems of Costa Rica Summer 01-Tropical Ecosystems of Costa Rica Summer 00-Tropical Ecosystems of Costa Rica Summer 99-Tropical Ecosystems of Costa Rica Summer 99-Tropical Ecosystems of Costa Rica Summer 98-Tropical Ecosystems of Costa Rica Hays' Marine Ecology Images and Movies Ohio Bird Photo Collection | Tropical Bird Collection | Costa Rica Image Collection | Edge of the Farm Conservation Area | Hays' Tarantula Page | Local Watershed Fish Studies| Wildflowers, Arthropods, ETC in SW Ohio | Earth Science Resources | Astronomy Links | Global Change | Marine Ecology "Creature Study Guide" |

OTHER ACADEMIC COURSES, STUDENT RESEARCH, OTHER STUFF Find the most recent on-campus COURSE SYLLABI......! Fall 2005, WCP 121- Participatory Research in the Environmental Sciences WCP 401/GLG401/501-Global Climate Change, 2005 Fall 2004, WCP 121- Participatory Research in the Environmental Sciences Fall 2004, GLG 205: Evolution and Earth Systems WCP 401/GLG401/501-Global Climate Change, 2004 WCP 261/262-What is Human Nature? 2004 Fall 2003, WCP 121-Research in the Environmental Sciences Fall 2003, GLG 205: Evolution and Earth Systems WCP 401/GLG401/501-Global Climate Change, 2003 WCP 261-Rivers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, 2003 Fall 2002, WCP 121-Participatory Research in the Environmental Sciences Fall 2002, GLG 205: Evolution and Earth Systems 2002, WCP 401/GLG401/501-Global Climate Change 2002, WCP 261-Rivers: Images, Policy and Science 2001, WCP 121-Participatory Research in the Environmental Sciences 2001, WCP 401/GLG401/501-Global Climate Change 2001, WCP 222-The Nature of Human Nature 2000, WCP 121-From the Universe to the Duck Pond: Patterns and Processes in Natural Systems Fall 2000, GLG 205: Evolution and Earth Systems 2000, WCP 401/GLG401/501-Global Climate Change 2000, WCP 222-The Nature of Human Nature Fall'99, WCP 121-From the Universe to the Duck Pond: Patterns and Processes in Natural Systems '99, Critical Reflections on the Life Sciences: Lives in Science '99, Technology in the Inquiry-Based Science Classroom Fall'99, GLG 205: Evolution and Earth Systems '98, The Nature of Human Nature 2003,GLG 412/512/599.T-Tropical Marine Ecology of the Florida Keys, Everglades and Bahamas 2000, GLG 413/513 Tropical Ecosystems of Costa Rica STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECTS AND FEEDBACK......! Spring 2006-What is Human Nature? Fall 2005-NS1: Participatory Research in Environmental Science Global Change 2005- Peer Review Spring 2005-What is Human Nature? Fall 2004-NS1: Participatory Research in Environmental Science Fall 2004- Evolution and Earth Systems Global Change 2004- Peer Review Global Change 2004- Peer Review Spring 2004-What is Human Nature? Fall 2003-NS1: Participatory Research in Environmental Science Fall 2003- Evolution and Earth Systems Spring 2003-Global Climate Change Peer Review Spring 2003-Rivers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective Fall 2002-Natural Systems 1: Participatory Research in Env Sci Fall 2002- Evolution and Earth Systems Spring 2002-RIVERS: IMAGES, POLICY, AND SCIENCE Spring 2002--Global Climate Change Spring 2002--The Nature of Human Nature Spring 2002--NS 1, Chemistry, Ecology and Society Fall 2001-Natural Systems 1 Student Research & Peer Review Spring 2001-The Nature of Human Nature Field Research Spring 2001-Global Climate Change Student Research & Peer Review Fall 2000-Natural Systems 1 Student Research & Peer Review Fall 2000-Evolution & Earth Systems Student Research Spring 2000-The Nature of Human Nature Field Research Spring 2000-Global Climate Change Research & Peer Review Fall 99-Natural Systems 1 Student Research & Peer Review Fall 99-Evolution & Earth Systems Spring 99-Critical Reflections in the Life Sciences Spring 98-The Nature of Human Nature Fall 98-Natural Systems 1 Student Research & Peer Review Fall 97-Natural Systems 1 Research Menu | Educational Philosophy | Discovery Labs: Moon, Geologic Time, Sun, Taxonomy, Frisbee | Project Dragonfly | Vita |Field Course Postings | Student Research Postings | Nature/Science Autobiography | Environmental Programs at Miami University

TEACHING TOOLS & OTHER STUFF Visit some terrific DISCOVERY LABS.....! The Frisbee Lab The Moon Lab Geologic Time The Sun Lab The Taxonomy Lab Kepler's Laws and Jupiter's Moons Course DISCUSSION SITES--Add a comment......! Global Climate Change Course Starting Points--New Marine Ecology Course Starting Points--NEW --Marine Ecology LISTserve Costa Rica Course Starting Points--NEW --Costa Rica LISTserve Rivers: An Interdisciplinary Perspective--NEW Evolution & Earth Systems Discussion PRESENT --Evolution & Earth Systems Discussion PAST NS1: Participatory Research in Environmental Science PRESENT --NS1: Participatory Research in Environmental Science PAST Science Center Discussion Site Daily Necessities: Macintosh Resources |Search Engines | Library Resources|Server Stats| Family Album | View My Schedule | View Guestbook | Western College "Multimedia Potpourri" Edge of the Farm Conservation Area Harrison Scholar Hurricane Ike Service Trip 2008 Harrison Scholar Costa Rica Trip 2008 Spider Holding and Sex Education Night, Spring 2008 View Western College Photos/Movies! Spider and Cider Night, Fall 2007 Harrison Scholars New Orleans Service Trip 2007 Harrison Scholar Costa Rica Trip 2007 Harrison Scholars Louisiana Service Trip 2006 Spider and Cider Night, Fall 2006 View Western College Photos/Movies! Crawfish Festival 2006 Human Nature Multiple Intelligences' Lab, March 2006 Popcorn and Pythons Night, Spring 2006 Maple Syrup Festival, 2006 Spider and Cider Night, Fall 2005 Western College Graduation 2005 Spider and Cider Night, Spring 2005 Sharon Long Reception Photos/Movies 2005! Diane Kaufman Retirement Reception, Dec 2004 Spider and Cider Night, Fall 2004 Creek Walk, Natural Systems 1, Fall 2004 Western College Graduation 2004 Winter/Spring Ohio Bird Photo Collection Quicktime Streaming Slideshow Crawfish Festival 2004 Human Nature Multiple Intelligences' Lab, April 2004 Institute of Environmental Sciences Banquet, March 2004 Zoo Visit, Feb 2004 Popcorn and Pythons Slides, Jan 2004 Popcorn and Pythons Movie, Jan 2004 Popcorn and Pythons, Fall 2002 Popcorn and Pythons, Spring 2002 Natural Systems Creek Walk, 2003 Ohio-Louisiana 2003 Crawfish Festival 2001 Louisiana-Ohio Crawfish Festival Movie Western College Graduation Weekend, Spring 2003 Little Miami River Field Trip, April 2003 Collins Run Fish Collecting Trip, 2003 Environmental Effects on Fish Populations in Miami University Creeks Stream Sampling: Fish Diversity Study Slides, 2002 Stream Sampling: Fish Diversity Study MOVIE, 2002 Spring Valley Field Trip 2003 Visiting Southern Louisiana, Spring 2002